Vitamin B12 is crucial for the synthesis and maintenance of myelin sheaths, the covering that protects the nerves of the central and the peripheral nervous system. Adequate vitamin B12 levels are crucial to a healthy pregnancy. However, if you follow a vegetarian or vegan diet, you might be prone to deficiency because plant foods don't contain vitamin B-12. Studies have shown that vitamin B12 helps decrease homocysteine levels, which may reduce your risk of heart disease (20, 21, 22). Vitamin B12 is an essential water-soluble vitamin that is responsible for regulating several critical functions in your body. Studies show that a fetus’s brain and nervous system require sufficient B12 levels from the mother to develop properly. This article examines each in detail, letting you know the best sources and how much you need. A few nutrients are either difficult or impossible to get in adequate amounts from plant foods. Vitamin B12 levels and bone mineral density are interlinked. Vitamin B12 plays a vital role in helping your body produce red blood cells. It supports the normal function of your nerve cells and is needed for red blood cell formation and DNA synthesis. Though vitamin B12 supplements may help improve mood and depression in people with a deficiency, research does not currently suggest that they have the same effect in those with normal B12 levels. Vitamin B12 is a water-soluble vitamin that is important for proper red blood cell formation, neurological function, and DNA synthesis. Ultimately, further studies are needed to fully understand vitamin B12’s role in promoting vision health and preventing macular degeneration. Vitamin B12 does a lot of things for your body. Tuna, salmon, poultry, beef, potatoes, spinach, bananas and fortified breakfast cereals are all good sources. There are four fat-soluble vitamins in the human diet: A, D, E and K. This guide examines their health benefits, functions and main dietary sources. Vitamin B12 supplements may help improve mood in people with an existing deficiency. It’s found naturally in animal products, but also added to certain foods and available as an oral supplement or injection. Methylcobalamin may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide. Researchers believe that supplementing with vitamin B12 may lower homocysteine, a type of amino acid that is found in your bloodstream. Vitamin B12 has many roles in your body. Mayo Clinic is a nonprofit organization and proceeds from Web advertising help support our mission. Vitamin B-12 supplements also are recommended for women who are pregnant or breast-feeding exclusively and follow vegetarian or vegan diets. The B-complex vitamins include B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9 and B12. The B vitamins are famous for boosting energy and benefiting the metabolism. It is involved in many vital processes in the body, including: Producing red blood cells Keeping the nervous system healthy B-Complex Vitamins: Benefits, Side Effects and Dosage, The Water-Soluble Vitamins: C and B Complex, Nutrition: Great Foods for Getting Vitamins A to K in Your Diet, Top 12 Foods That Are High in Vitamin B12, 9 Signs and Symptoms of Vitamin B12 Deficiency, 8 Common Signs You’re Deficient in Vitamins, 7 Nutrient Deficiencies That Are Incredibly Common, 7 Nutrients That You Can’t Get from Plants, People with gastrointestinal disorders, such as Crohn’s disease or celiac disease, Those who have had gastrointestinal surgeries, such as bariatric surgery or bowel resection surgery, Those who take metformin for blood sugar control, Those taking proton pump inhibitors for chronic heartburn. Facts & Comparisons eAnswers. Cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) oral. Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is an essential vitamin that your body needs but cannot produce. © 1998-2021 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER). Vitamin B12 is involved in energy production in your body. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB12-HealthProfessional/. All B vitamins play an important role in your body’s energy production, though they don’t necessarily provide energy themselves (17). However, if you think that you might be at risk, speak to your doctor. Bones with decreased mineral density can become delicate and fragile over time, leading to an increased risk of osteoporosis. Supports Healthy Hair, Skin and Nails. It is one of eight B vitamins.It is a cofactor in DNA synthesis, and in both fatty acid and amino acid metabolism. Vitamin B12 is an important water-soluble vitamin, and deficiency is common. Maintaining adequate vitamin B12 levels may support your bone health. But B12 … This article examines the benefits of B-complex vitamins, as well as dosage and…. This content does not have an English version. However, this vitamin plays a vital role in synthesizing and metabolizing serotonin, a chemical responsible for regulating mood. More research is needed to make sound conclusions on the effect of vitamin B12 supplements on memory and cognitive function. Vitamin B12 is essential for healthy skin, hair and nails because it plays a major part in cell reproduction. Vitamin B12 may benefit your body in impressive ways, such as by boosting your energy, improving your memory and helping prevent heart disease. The recommended daily amount of vitamin B-12 for adults is 2.4 micrograms. When taken at appropriate doses, vitamin B-12 supplements are generally considered safe. Talk with the doctor. It is possible for the body to develop a vitamin B12 deficiency. Vitamin B-12 (cobalamin) is a water-soluble vitamin that plays essential roles in red blood cell formation, cell metabolism, nerve function and the production of DNA. Vitamin B12 is needed for the production of serotonin, a chemical responsible for regulating mood. Vitamin B12 overdose is very unlikely to happen because vitamin B12 is a water-soluble vitamin, meaning the body has the ability to flush out any excess through urine that it doesn’t need. Our general interest e-newsletter keeps you up to date on a wide variety of health topics. Uses of Vitamin B12-Folic Acid: It is used to help growth and good health. Research suggests that vitamin B12 boosts skin health by reducing redness, dryness, inflammation and acne blemishes — and can be applied to the skin for psoriasis and eczema. A single copy of these materials may be reprinted for noncommercial personal use only. If you’re significantly deficient in vitamin B12, your homocysteine levels become elevated. But beyond that, vitamin B12 is known to help with our nervous system, blood-cell formation, digestion, and brain function, and helps prevent anemia and enhance our moods (so it also helps stave off depression, she noted). Vitamin B12 supplements have long been touted as the go-to product for a surge of energy. Fairfield KM. Vitamin B12 may play a vital role in your bone health. It is vital for diabetics to get enough of the right nutrients, exercise and other lifestyle habits as a first step to reverse their chroni… Vitamin B-12 (cobalamin) is a water-soluble vitamin that plays essential roles in red blood cell formation, cell metabolism, nerve function and the production of DNA.Food sources of vitamin B-12 include poultry, meat, fish and dairy products. But since it’s mainly consumed through meat and fish, people on plant-based or vegan diets might want to consider a vitamin B12 supplement, as well as consuming foods fortified with vitamin B12. Elevated homocysteine levels have been associated with an increased risk of age-related macular degeneration (9, 10). This article reviews 7 nutrients commonly lacking in…. Here are 7 incredibly common nutrient deficiencies. The foods you eat play a big role in your overall health. Vitamin B-12 is also added to some foods and is available as an oral supplement. The risk of developing any form of the condition was 34% lower, while it was 41% lower for more severe types (11). For women with a vitamin B12 deficiency and levels below 150 mg/dL the risk was five times higher, compared to women with levels above 400 mg/dL (4). Those at risk of vitamin B12 deficiency include (1): In many older adults, the secretion of hydrochloric acid in the stomach is reduced, causing a reduction in the absorption of vitamin B12. Supplementing with vitamin B12 has been shown to improve dermatologic symptoms in people with B12 deficiency (26, 27). B-12 helps regulate digestion, absorption, respiration, circulation and body temperature, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center, or UMMC 1. A vitamin B12 … Further, knowing what vitamins are good for low platelet count help in diet and treatment plan, as appropriate. Alzheimer’s Disease. Vitamin B-12's primary function is to aid in metabolism, the process by which your body creates and uses energy. Given vitamin B12’s role in cell production, adequate levels of … Vitamin B12 is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a number of important roles in the human body. One study in more than 2,500 adults showed that people with a vitamin B12 deficiency also had lower than normal bone mineral density (5). Mayo Clinic offers appointments in Arizona, Florida and Minnesota and at Mayo Clinic Health System locations. Vitamin B12 – also known as cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin, naturally found in some foods, added to others and synthesised by bacteria in the small intestine. The “methyl” portion is extra carbon and hydrogen. Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic. Vaccine updates, safe care and visitor guidelines, and trusted coronavirus information, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic School of Continuous Professional Development, Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education, FREE book offer – Mayo Clinic Health Letter, New Year Special -  40% off – Mayo Clinic Diet Online, Advertising and sponsorship opportunities. Cyanocobalamin. However, older adults, vegetarians and people who have conditions that affect their ability to absorb vitamin B-12 from foods might benefit from the use of oral supplements. Happiness And Health. Your body absorbs only as much as it needs, and any excess passes through your urine. One study in people with depression and low vitamin B12 levels found that those who received both antidepressants and vitamin B12 were more likely to show improved depressive symptoms, compared to those treated with antidepressants alone (12). It can be a good idea to take 1 mg of B12 (1,000 mcg) a day for a whole month. When we look at chronic diseases like type 2 diabetes from a Functional Medicine perspective, we look at the imbalance that has been created within the body as a result of unhealthy lifestyle choices and ears of abuse. There are four basic types of vitamin B12. Accessed Aug. 23, 2017. Once thought of as a single element, scientists now know that vitamin B is actually a complex assortment of nutrients. "Mayo," "Mayo Clinic," "MayoClinic.org," "Mayo Clinic Healthy Living," and the triple-shield Mayo Clinic logo are trademarks of Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. The effect of vitamin B12 on mood is not yet fully understood. On the other hand, if you’re significantly deficient in vitamin B12, taking a supplement or increasing your intake will likely improve your energy level (19). If you have normal B12 values, but high homocysteine levels, this may point to a deficiency or problem utilizing methyl B12. Here are the top 12…. Maintaining adequate levels of vitamin B12 may help prevent the risk of age-related macular degeneration. Vitamin B12 is important for the brain and nerves, and for the production of red blood cells. Bone Health. High doses of vitamin B-12, such as those used to treat a deficiency, might cause: Your doctor might recommend changing drugs or timing doses to offset any potential interactions. Because your body is capable of storing several years' worth of vitamin B-12, deficiency is rare. Older adults and people with digestive tract conditions that affect absorption of nutrients also are susceptible to vitamin B-12 deficiency. A study involving 5,000 women aged 40 or older concluded that supplementing with vitamin B12, along with folic acid and vitamin B6, may reduce this risk (11). Getting enough vitamin B12 through your diet is crucial. High levels of homocysteine are associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Vitamin B12 is an important member of the B vitamin family. Vitamin B12 also helps prevent a type of anemia called megaloblastic anemia that makes people tired and weak. Low vitamin B12 levels cause a reduction in red blood cell formation and prevent them from developing properly (2). Methyl B12 is needed as a co-factor to convert homocysteine back into methionine. A diet lacking in nutrients may cause a variety of unpleasant symptoms. Accessed Aug. 23, 2017. https://www.tricitymed.org/2018/08/b-vitamins-secret-good-skin-health It’s responsible for many bodily functions and may benefit your health in various ways, such as by preventing major birth defects, supporting bone health, improving mood and maintaining healthy skin and hair. Vitamin B12 deficiency in the beginning stages of pregnancy may increase the risk of birth defects, such as neural tube defects. If your body has difficulty absorbing vitamin B12, your doctor may recommend intramuscular injections of B12 to increase your levels. Macular degeneration is an eye disease that mainly affects your central vision. All rights reserved. It is responsible for the smooth functioning of several critical body processes. Accessed Aug. 23, 2017. Schrier SL. Vitamin B12 as well as all the other vitamins from the B family are vital for proper functioning of our body. But, when a person doesn’t have the vigor to do it, it could be due to the lack of B12. Here are 9 signs and symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency. Appropriate vitamin B12 levels are key to a healthy pregnancy. Food sources of vitamin B-12 include poultry, meat, fish and dairy products. Vitamin B-12 injections or nasal spray might be prescribed to treat vitamin B-12 deficiency. Vitamin B12 is required to reduce the risk of neural tube defects. When you’re anemic, your body doesn’t have enough red blood cells to transport oxygen to your vital organs. Another study found that even vitamin B12 levels on the low side of normal can contribute to poor memory performance. Office of Dietary Supplements. Taking a supplement may improve your energy level, but only if you’re deficient in this vitamin. If recently, you feel constantly low in energy level, then it can be that you are … High blood levels of the common amino acid homocysteine have been linked to an increased risk of heart disease. Vitamin supplementation in disease prevention. Because vitamin B12 is also important for the production of red blood cells, a severe deficiency can lead to a condition called pernicious anemia, which can lower energy levels. They’re important for the prevention of brain and spinal cord birth defects. One study in people with early-stage dementia showed that a combination of vitamin B12 and omega-3 fatty acid supplements slowed mental decline (15). Risk factors for vitamin B12 deficiency include a decreased ability to absorb this vitamin due to low hydrochloric acid secretion, certain medications or gastrointestinal disease and surgeries. There are nine water-soluble vitamins in the human diet. While vitamin B12 supplements are considered safe and non-toxic, taking large doses of around 1,000 milligrams can still be problematic. Vitamin B12 can restore the body’s energy. However, if you’re well-nourished and not deficient in this vitamin, taking a supplement is unlikely to improve your skin, nail strength or hair health (28). Osteoblasts require an optimal level of Vitamin B12 for proper functioning. In fact, low vitamin B12 levels can cause various dermatologic symptoms, including hyperpigmentation, nail discoloration, hair changes, vitiligo (the loss of skin color in patches) and angular stomatitis (inflamed and cracked mouth corners) (24, 25). Your daily diet should include 1.3 milligrams of vitamin B-6. Due to this larger and irregular shape, the red blood cells are unable to move from the bone marrow into the bloodstream at an appropriate rate, causing megaloblastic anemia (2). The myelin sheath is required for fast and effective nerve-impulse transmission. Nutrient deficiencies may occur with almost every nutrient, but some are more likely than others. Vitamin B12 is a nutrient that helps keep the body’s nerve and blood cells healthy and helps make DNA, the genetic material in all cells. Vitamin B12 functions as a cofactor for methionine synthase and L-methylmalonyl-CoA mutase. Mayo Clinic does not endorse any of the third party products and services advertised. Therefore, vitamin B12 deficiency may lead to decreased serotonin production, which may cause a depressed mood. Your metabolism wouldn't run smoothly without it. Either your diet lacks adequate amounts of it or your body is unable to fully absorb it from the food you eat. It also avoids miscarriage and premature birth. Maintaining adequate levels of vitamin B12 decreases homocysteine levels in your blood. One study found that women with vitamin B12 levels lower than 250 mg/dL were three times more likely to give birth to a child with birth defects, compared to those with adequate levels (4). Vitamin B12 deficiency can most often be prevented or resolved with oral or intramuscular injections. Additionally, high vitamin B12 levels have been linked to better treatment outcomes and an increased probability of recovery from major depressive disorder (MDD) (14). Left untreated, a vitamin B-12 deficiency can lead to anemia, fatigue, muscle weakness, intestinal problems, nerve damage and mood disturbances. Therefore, further research is needed to understand the relationship between vitamin B12 and heart health. Vitamin B-12 is necessary for several bodily processes, including nerve function and the production of DNA and red blood cells.. A person whose vitamin B-12 … The higher the energy, the easier it is to maintain longer intercourse. Furthermore, maternal vitamin B12 deficiency may contribute to premature birth or miscarriage (3). Given vitamin B12’s role in cell production, adequate levels of this vitamin are needed to promote healthy hair, skin and nails. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Healthy red blood cells are small and round, whereas they become larger and typically oval in cases of vitamin B12 deficiency. Another good way to assess one’s true B12 status is to measure total homocysteine (tHcy). In fact, one of the most common early signs of vitamin B12 deficiency is fatigue or lack of energy. And they are both innocuous at fairly high doses, up to 40,000 IU/day for vitamin D [3] and up to 5.0 mg/day for B12 (5,000 mcg). Accessed Aug. 23, 2017. Vitamin B12 is a water-soluble vitamin that you must obtain through diet or supplements. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Vitamin B12. This content does not have an Arabic version. Another study discovered that vitamin B12 deficiency was associated with twice the risk of severe depression (13). Vitamin B12 deficiency can occur in one of two ways. The presence of folic acid (B9), vitamin B12, vitamin D and vitamin K in the body is very vital for the healthy functioning of the platelets as well as the overall body. They’re usually sold canned in water, oil, or … Vitamin D and vitamin B12 are two of the most potent vitamins “as defined by the amount of vitamin required to elicit a biological response” [5]. The crux of chronic disease reversal rests on correcting this imbalance. For most adults, the recommended daily intake (RDI) is 2.4 mcg, though it’s higher for women who are pregnant or breastfeeding (1). Even though some plant-based milks or grains may have been fortified with vitamin B12, vegan diets are often limited in this vitamin, putting people at risk of deficiency. Here are the 8 most common signs of vitamin and mineral deficiencies…. When vitamin B12 levels are too low, the production of red blood cells is altered, causing megaloblastic anemia. Learn how to get the vitamins you need — including vitamins A, B, C, D, E, and K — in your…, Vitamin B12 is an essential nutrient that your body can’t make on its own, so you need to get it from your diet or supplements. Causes and pathophysiology of vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies. Sardines are small, soft-boned saltwater fish. Here are 9 health benefits of vitamin B12, all based on science. Vitamin B-12 is also added to some foods and is available as an oral supplement. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Vitamin B12 is required by the body in small amounts, and most people end up fulfilling the requirement by consuming foods which have a small amount of the vitamin. Reduced level of vitamin B12 increases the risk of osteoporosis. Vegans are also at risk since B12 is only found in animal products. The group receiving these supplements for seven years had fewer cases of macular degeneration, compared to the placebo group. Currently, there is no scientific evidence to suggest that vitamin B12 supplements can boost energy in those with sufficient levels of this vitamin (18). Healthy vitamin B12 levels are important for your hair, skin and nails. Stamina and energy are critical factors for better sex life. Vitamin B 12, also known as cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin involved in the metabolism of every cell of the human body. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Vitamin B12 is required for proper red blood cell formation, neurological function, and DNA synthesis [ 1-5 ]. However, taking a supplement probably won’t improve your health in these areas if your levels are already sufficient. Sardines. Two steps are required for the body to absorb vitamin B12 from food. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. This may help prevent the development of age-related macular degeneration. Methionine synthase catalyzes the conversion of homocysteine to methionine [ 5, 6 ]. This article reviews the science. It may be given to you for other reasons. This can cause symptoms like fatigue and weakness. It helps make your DNA and your red blood cells, for example. Vitamin B12 is a powerhouse. As a result, supplementing with this vitamin may improve memory, even in the absence of a clinically diagnosed deficiency (16). This type of B12 works well to reduce levels of homocysteine, an amino acid that at high levels increases the risk of heart disease and stroke. Prevent the development of age-related macular degeneration ( 9, 10 ) or supplements vegetarian vegan. Actually a complex assortment of nutrients also are susceptible to vitamin B-12 supplements are considered. Actually a complex assortment of nutrients make sound conclusions on the low side of normal can contribute to birth. Privacy Policy linked below do it, it could be due to the Terms and and! Recommended for women who are pregnant or breast-feeding exclusively and follow vegetarian or vegan diets reasons. Sources and how much you need larger and typically oval in cases vitamin. Those without a deficiency up to date on a wide variety of unpleasant symptoms no scientific evidence to that! 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