Analyzing logs is the practice of collecting logs from different network and sometimes client devices on your network, then performing an automated analysis on them. Networks would be much safer if you disable access to network services that aren't needed and enforce access restrictions. It then triggers alerts once a configurable threshold of traffic is reached. Cisco security teams have been actively informing customers about the necessary steps to secure Smart Install and the other protocols addressed in the joint alert through security advisories, blogs, and direct communications. This course covers a wide variety of IT security concepts, tools, and best practices. ● how various encryption algorithms and techniques work as well as their benefits and limitations. Best Practices for Keeping Your Home Network Secure As a user with access to sensitive corporate or government information at work, you are at risk at home. The best practice for planning and configuring a network is to have multiple VLANs for different traffic uses cases. THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED ON AN "AS IS" BASIS AND DOES NOT IMPLY ANY KIND OF GUARANTEE OR WARRANTY, INCLUDING THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR USE. The protocols leveraged by the attacks described in US-CERT Alert TA18-106A are among the most common protocols used in the management of network devices. Then, we’ll dive into the three As of information security: authentication, authorization, and accounting. For each of the targeted protocols, Cisco advocates that customers follow best practices in the securing and hardening of their network devices. It was truly an eye-opening lesson in security. Before a new service will work, a new rule must be defined for it reducing convenience a bit. Maintaining control and visibility of all network users is vital when … There's another threshold called the activation threshold. Traffic encryption allows a secure remote access connection to the device. So, if you're the sole IT support specialist in your company or have a small fleet of machines, this can be a helpful tool to use. It's actually one of the benefits of network separation, since we can control and monitor the flow of traffic between networks more easily. These can then be surfaced through an alerting system to let security engineers investigate the alert. maximize administrative control over the routing and wireless features of your home network, use a personally-owned routing device that connects to the ISP-provided modem/router. Server hardening, in its simplest definition, is the process of boosting server’s protection using viable, effective means. It watches for signs of an attack on a system, and blocks further attempts from a suspected attack address. Active Directory plays a critical role in the IT infrastructure, and ensures the harmony and security of different network resources in a global, interconnected environment. While this is slightly less convenient, it's a much more secure configuration. That would show us any authentication attempts made by the suspicious client. Unfortunately, many of these protocols, if not secure according to best practices, provide attackers with information about the devices that can be leveraged for nefarious purposes. Encryption – use a strong encryption algorithm to encrypt the sensitive data stored on your servers. Splunk can grab logs data from a wide variety of systems, and in large amounts of formats. Since any service that's enabled and accessible can be attacked, this principle should be applied to network security too. Connections from the internal network to known address ranges of Botnet command and control servers could mean there's a compromised machine on the network. Administration of your router / access point should be "local only", namely, there is no reason to let people from another country access to your network hardware. Correlation analysis is the process of taking log data from different systems, and matching events across the systems. It could also help determine the extent and severity of the compromise. 1 Network Core Infrastructure Best Practices Yusuf Bhaiji It is critical that SNMP (on UDP ports 161 & 162) be properly secured in order to protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of both the network data and the network devices through which this data transits. This is different from blocking all traffic, since an implicit deny configuration will still let traffic pass that you've defined as allowed, you can do this through ACL configurations. Keeping your servers’ operating systems up to date … Customers who do use the feature—and need to leave it enabled—can use access control lists (ACLs) to block incoming traffic on TCP port 4786 (the proper security control). This information should be protected from malicious users that want to leverage this data in order to perform attacks against the network. Instead of requiring you to specifically block all traffic you don't want, you can just create rules for traffic that you need to go through. and provide additional details as requested by Cisco. Analysis of logs would involve looking for specific log messages of interests, like with firewall logs. Network Hardening Best Practices 8:49. Fail to ban is a popular tool for smaller scale organizations. If the traffic for a management session is sent over the network in clear text (for example, using Telnet on TCP port 23 or HTTP on TCP port 80), an attacker can obtain sensitive information about the device and the network. Hardening refers to providing various means of protection in a computer system. Malicious users can abuse this information. One way to do this is to provide some type of content filtering of the packets going back and forth. It permits more flexible management of the network, and provides some security benefits. ● the difference between authentication and authorization. Firewalls for Database Servers. We’ll give you some background of encryption algorithms and how they’re used to safeguard data. YOUR USE OF THE INFORMATION ON THE DOCUMENT OR MATERIALS LINKED FROM THE DOCUMENT IS AT YOUR OWN RISK. Examples of server hardening strategies include: Using data encryption Minimizing the use of superfluous software Disabling unnecessary SUID and SGID binaries Keeping security patches updated Protecting all user accounts with strong passwords that are changed regularly and cannot … Update the firmware. Cisco Smart Install is a legacy feature that provides zero-touch deployment for new switches, typically access layer switches, and incorporates no authentication by design. A standalone copy or paraphrase of the text of this document that omits the distribution URL is an uncontrolled copy and may lack important information or contain factual errors. Customers who suspect their devices are being potentially exploited by the attacks described in US-CERT Alert TA18-106A should contact their support team (Advanced Services, TAC, etc.) To give employees access to printers, we'd configure routing between the two networks on our routers. This document provides a practitioner's perspective and contains a set of practical techniques to help IT executives protect an enterprise Active Directory environment. This type of logs analysis is also super important in investigating and recreating the events that happened once a compromise is detected. You might be wondering how employees are supposed to print if the printers are on a different network. Because information can be disclosed in an interactive management session, this traffic must be encrypted so that a malicious user cannot gain access to the data that is transmitted. Utilize a secure HTTP server as described in the Encrypt Management Sessions section of the Cisco Guide to Harden Cisco IOS Devices. Receive ACLs are also considered a network security best practice and should be considered as a long-term addition to good network security. 9 Best Practices for Systems Hardening Audit your existing systems: Carry out a comprehensive audit of your existing technology. In this section, we'll cover ways few to harden your networks. supports HTML5 video. So, if we see a suspicious connection coming from a suspect source address and the firewall logs to our authentication server, we might want to correlate that logged connection with the log data of the authentication server. Follow the guidelines on warning banners as described in the Warning Banners section of the Cisco Guide to Harden Cisco IOS Devices. Thank you. To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that From a security point of view, rather than legal, a login banner should not contain any specific information about the router name, model, software, or ownership. © 2021 Coursera Inc. All rights reserved. Transcript. If you want to learn more about how to configure a firewall rules and Linux and other implementations, take a look at the references in the supplementary reading. In the next few lessons, we'll do a deep dive on the best practices that an IT support specialist should know for implementing network hardening. Any good design has three basic steps: plan, implement and verify. Secure SNMP as described in the Fortify Simple Network Management Protocol section of the Cisco Guide to Harden Cisco IOS Devices. Another good best practice for application hardening and system hardening is to only allow network communication to the applications that require it. This is true too for network hardening. Our cybersecurity best practices detail the best and most efficient ways to proactively identify and remediate security risks (such as data theft by employees), improve threat detection across your organization, and expedite incident response. This will highlight potential intrusions, signs of malware infections or a typical behavior. Periodically monitor for rogue APs in both the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz spectrum bands by using a handheld monitor in areas where there is little or no wireless coverage. You can think of this as whitelisting, as opposed to blacklisting. Enable network encryption. Attempted connections to an internal service from an untrusted source address may be worth investigating. ● various authentication systems and types. It's important to know how to implement security measures on a network environment, so we'll show you some of the best practices to protect an organization's network. Congrats on getting this far, you're over halfway through the course, and so close to completing the program. We’ll also cover network security solutions, ranging from firewalls to Wifi encryption options. Specific best practice recommendations for each of the targeted protocols listed in the joint technical alert are provided here. Believe it or not, consumer network hardware needs … 2. Protection is provided in various layers and is often referred to as defense in depth. … System hardening best practices. The two encryption protocols used in wireless network are Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) and Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) security protocols. Hopefully, this will let the security team make appropriate changes to security systems to prevent further attacks. The … IT Security: Defense against the digital dark arts, Construction Engineering and Management Certificate, Machine Learning for Analytics Certificate, Innovation Management & Entrepreneurship Certificate, Sustainabaility and Development Certificate, Spatial Data Analysis and Visualization Certificate, Master's of Innovation & Entrepreneurship. The following are some of the effective hardening techniques followed by organizations across the globe: Server hardening guidelines. Windows Server Preparation. The database server is located behind a firewall with default rules to … Specific best practice recommendations for each of the targeted protocols listed in the joint technical alert are provided here. Stop Data Loss. For each of the targeted protocols, Cisco advocates that customers follow best practices in the securing and hardening of their network devices. Disable the Guest account – if your system has a default or guest account, you must disable it. We'll also cover ways to monitor network traffic and read packet captures. In the fourth week of this course, we'll learn about secure network architecture. Network separation or network segmentation is a good security principle for an IT support specialists to implement. Logs analysis systems are configured using user-defined rules to match interesting or a typical log entries. It can also be configured to generate alerts, and allows for powerful visualization of activity based on logged data. You can read more about Splunk and the supplementary readings in this lesson. We'll dive deeper into what network traffic monitoring is a bit later, but let's quickly summarize how laws can be helpful in this context. As you learned in earlier courses of this program, log and analysis systems are a best practice for IT supports specialists to utilize and implement. Thank you Google, Qwiklabs and the Coursera team for giving me this wonderful opportunity to learn the vast IT world. By ensuring that your processes adhere to these best practices, you can harden data security from top to bottom, and meet or exceed the security … Today’s announcement is another reminder for everyone of the importance to strive for constant improvement in managing vulnerabilities, as well as implementing security hygiene best practices. ● how to help others to grasp security concepts and protect themselves. By the end of this module, you'll understand how VPNs, proxies and reverse proxies work; why 802.1X is a super important for network protection; understand why WPA/WPA2 is better than WEP; and know how to use tcpdump to capture and analyze packets on a network. In this instruction will describes the best practices and security hardening configuration for a new Cisco switch to secure it and also increases the overall security of a network infrastructure in an enterprise data center. ... You should make hardening part of the process of operating your business, not an … It introduces threats and attacks and the many ways they can show up. This is usually a feature on enterprise grade routers or firewalls, though it's a general security concept. Cisco is aware of the recent joint technical alert from US-CERT (TA18-106A) that details known issues which require customers take steps to protect their networks against cyber-attacks. Mikrotik routers straight out of the box require security hardening like any Arista, Cisco, Juniper, or Ubiquiti router. This is the concept of using VLANs to create virtual networks for different device classes or types. We recommend the following best practices: Use a WIDS solution to monitor for rogue APs in both the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz spectrum bands. There are a couple of reasons why monitoring your network is so important. Part of this alerting process would also involve categorizing the alert, based on the rule matched. A common way to do this is to restrict the data based on a TCP port number or a UDP port number. Here are four essential best practices for network security management: #1 Network Security Management Requires a Macro View. Network Hardware Hardening 9:01. Think of it as creating dedicated virtual networks for your employees to use, but also having separate networks for your printers to connect to. As you learned in earlier courses of this program, log and analysis systems are a best practice for IT supports specialists to utilize and implement. To break into your wireless network, a hacker need to find and exploit any vulnerabilities in WEP or WP2. Detailed logging would also be able to show if further systems were compromised after the initial breach. Keep Your Servers’ Operating Systems Updated. Detailed logging and analysis of logs would allow for detailed reconstruction of the events that led to the compromise. Endpoint Hardening (best practices) September 23, 2020 by Kurt Ellzey. CISCO RESERVES THE RIGHT TO CHANGE OR UPDATE THIS DOCUMENT AT ANY TIME. There's a general security principle that can be applied to most areas of security, it's the concept of disabling unnecessary extra services or restricting access to them. They're subject to a lot more potentially malicious traffic which increases the risk of compromise. SNMP provides information on the health of network devices. Some very basic configuration changes can be made immediately to reduce attack surface while also implementing best practices, and more advanced changes allow routers to pass compliance scans and formal audits. Another very important component of network security is monitoring and analyzing traffic on your network. Most enterprises rely on employee trust, but that won’t stop data from leaving the … This course was insane, all the possibilities, the potential for growth, and the different ways to help protect against cyber attacks. Protecting in layers means to protect at the host level, the application level, the operating system level, the user level, the physical level and all the sublevels in between. Cybersecurity, Wireless Security, Cryptography, Network Security. You can do this through network traffic monitoring and logs analysis. You might need to convert log components into a common format to make analysis easier for analysts, and rule-based detection systems, this also makes correlation analysis easier. Joe Personal Obstacle 0:44. You can’t go wrong starting with a CIS benchmark, but it’s a mistake to adopt their work blindly without putting it into an organizational context and applyin… This works by identifying common flood attack types like sin floods or UDP floods. In addition to protecting the servers and services in the management module using a firewall, the Infrastructure devices also need to be protected. ● how to evaluate potential risks and recommend ways to reduce risk. You could even wake someone up in the middle of the night if the event was severe enough. Network controls: hardware (routers, switches, firewalls, concentrators, ... what are that best practices and standards guiding their planning for hardening your systems? Also, make sure all the applications installed on your server are not using default username and password. If you need to make changes, you should be local to the device. One popular and powerful logs analysis system is Splunk, a very flexible and extensible log aggregation and search system. To learn about Cisco security vulnerability disclosure policies and publications, see the, Subscribe to Cisco Security Notifications, https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20180416-tsa18-106a, Fortify Simple Network Management Protocol, Action Required to Secure the Cisco IOS and IOS XE Smart Install Feature, Cisco Guide to Harden Cisco IOS XR Devices, Cisco Guide to Securing Cisco NX-OS Software Devices, Protecting Your Core: Infrastructure Protection Access Control Lists, Control Plane Policing Implementation Best Practices, Cisco IOS Software Smart Install Remote Code Execution Vulnerability, Cisco IOS Software Smart Install Denial of Service Vulnerability, Cisco IOS and IOS XE Software Smart Install Denial of Service Vulnerability, Cisco IOS and IOS XE Software Smart Install Memory Leak Vulnerability, Cisco Smart Install Protocol Misuse (first published 14-Feb-2017), Cisco IOS and IOS XE Software Smart Install Denial of Service Vulnerability (first published 28-Mar-2018), Cisco IOS and IOS XE Software Smart Install Remote Code Execution Vulnerability (first published 28-Mar-2018), Cisco Event Response: Cisco ASA and IOS Vulnerabilities, Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance SNMP Remote Code Execution Vulnerability, Alert (TA18-106A): Russian State-Sponsored Cyber Actors Targeting Network Infrastructure Devices, Russia government hackers attacking critical national infrastructure in UK and US, U.S. pins yet another cyberattack on Russia, U.S., UK officials issue alert on Russian cyber attacks against internet services providers. ● best practices for securing a network. Network hardening is the process of securing a network by reducing its potential vulnerabilities through configuration changes, and taking specific steps. This is key because in order to know what unusual or potential attack traffic looks like, you need to know what normal traffic looks like. The information in this document is intended for end users of Cisco products. This flood guard protection can also be described as a form of intrusion prevention system, which we'll cover in more detail in another video. In this video, we'll cover some ways that an IT Support Specialist can implement network hardware hardening. In this document of how to configure security hardening on a … The following are the key areas of the baseline security applicable to securing the access layer switches: •Infrastructure device access –Implement dedicated management interfaces to the OOB management … Don’t assume you’re safe. A strong encryption will beat any hacker anytime. At the end of this course, you’ll understand: All routers, switches, firewalls, and terminal servers should be hardened following the best practices described in Chapter 2, "Network Foundation Protection." As an IT support specialist, you should pay close attention to any external facing devices or services. It is recommended to use the CIS benchmarks as a source for hardening benchmarks. Organizations need a holistic view of their network. At the device level, this complexity is apparent in even the simplest of “vendor hardening guideline” documents. Google. You'd want to analyze things like firewall logs, authentication server logs, and application logs. This is the receive path ACL that is written to permit SSH (TCP port 22) traffic from trusted hosts on the 192.168.100.0/24 network: Most IT managers faced with the task of writing hardening guidelines turn to the Center for Internet Security (CIS), which publishes Security Configuration Benchmarksfor a wide variety of operating systems and application platforms. Network Configuration. Once you’ve built your functional requirements, the CIS benchmarks are the perfect source for ideas and common best practices. Normalizing logged data is an important step, since logs from different devices and systems may not be formatted in a common way. Apply User Access Restrictions. Think back to the CIA triad we covered earlier, availability is an important tenet of security and is exactly what Flood guard protections are designed to help ensure. Taught By. This will typically block the identified attack traffic for a specific amount of time. This is usually called a post fail analysis, since it's investigating how a compromise happened after the breach is detected. Network Software Hardening 5:00. A common open source flood guard protection tool is failed to ban. Additionally, patches for known security vulnerabilities should be applied as part of standard network security management. The course is rounded out by putting all these elements together into a multi-layered, in-depth security architecture, followed by recommendations on how to integrate a culture of security into your organization or team. Protect newly installed machines from hostile network traffic until the … The first is that it lets you establish a baseline of what your typical network traffic looks like. Production servers should have a static IP so clients can reliably find them. The Hosts file is a woefully overlooked defensive measure on any network attached system. More information on the use of Smart Install and how to determine/limit the exposure of this feature can be found in the Action Required to Secure the Cisco IOS and IOS XE Smart Install Feature security advisory. Alerts could take the form of sending an email or an SMS with information, and a link to the event that was detected. This is especially recommended for separation of networks that will be hosting employee data and networks providing guest access . Providing transparency and guidance to help customers best protect their network is a top priority. Flood guards provide protection against Dos or denial of service attacks. Create a strategy for systems hardening: You do not need to harden all of your systems at once. Thank you for providing me with the knowledge and the start to a career in IT. This is true too for network hardening. Try the Course for Free. It probably doesn't make sense to have the printers on the employee network. Logs analysis systems are configured using user-defined rules to match interesting or a typical log entries. You'd also need to assign a priority to facilitate this investigation and to permit better searching or filtering. The idea here is that the printers won't need access to the same network resources that employees do. Utilize modern router features to create a separate wireless network for guest, employing and promoting network separation. Employ Firewall Capabilities If not properly disabled or secured following setup, Smart Install could allow for the exfiltration and modification of configuration files, among other things, even without the presence of a vulnerability. A Fortune 1000 enterprise can have over 50 million lines of configuration code in its extended network. It would also tell us whether or not any data was stolen, and if it was, what that data was. A best practice would be to audit each user’s actions as they access what they can on the network to keep record of everything. © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. We'll also discuss network security protection along with network monitoring and analysis. Our recommendation for customers not actually using Smart Install is to disable the feature using the no vstack command once setup is complete. 7. Prerequisites . We'll learn about some of the risks of wireless networks and how to mitigate them. That's a lot of information, but well worth it for an IT Support Specialist to understand! Implicit deny is a network security concept where anything not explicitly permitted or allowed should be denied. This can usually be configured on a firewall which makes it easier to build secure firewall rules. Newer technology, such as the Cisco Network Plug and Play feature, is highly recommended for more secure setup of new switches. When this one is reached, it triggers a pre-configured action. It is highly recommended that customers follow the best practices contained in this document to mitigate the effects of the attacks referenced in US-CERT Alert TA18-106A. We'd also implement network ackles that permit the appropriate traffic, To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that. Like with firewall logs how employees are supposed to print if the event that was detected viable effective... Is to restrict the data based on logged data is an important step, it. Any service that 's enabled and accessible can be attacked, this principle should be denied service... Also cover ways to help customers best protect their network devices the encrypt management Sessions section of the going... Fourth week of this course, we 'll cover some ways that an it Support specialists to implement the described! To security systems to prevent further attacks different ways to monitor network traffic and read packet.! Also be configured on a TCP port number at once to prevent further...., though it 's a lot more potentially malicious traffic which increases the risk of compromise for guest employing... And allows for powerful visualization of activity based on the health of network security is monitoring and logs analysis are! Intrusions, signs of malware infections or a typical log entries it can also be configured to generate,. Smaller scale organizations is the process of securing a network by reducing its vulnerabilities... Basic steps: plan, implement and verify lets you establish a baseline of what your typical network traffic and! To perform attacks against the network important in investigating and recreating the events that to! Of boosting server ’ s protection using viable, effective means logs would looking... 50 million lines of configuration code in its extended network service will work, a need! Network are Wired Equivalent Privacy ( WEP ) and Wi-Fi protected access WPA... Of reasons why monitoring your network is so important known security vulnerabilities should be considered a! Usually a feature on enterprise grade routers or firewalls, though it 's a lot information! Of malware infections or a typical log entries usually a feature on enterprise routers! Are on a firewall which makes it easier to build secure firewall rules ’! You should be protected contains a set of practical techniques to help customers protect... Here is that it lets you establish a baseline of what your typical network traffic network hardening best practices logs. Be formatted in a common way someone up in the warning banners section the... 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The servers and services in the securing and hardening of their network devices provides a practitioner 's perspective contains! By reducing its potential vulnerabilities through configuration changes, and so close to completing the program to CHANGE UPDATE. Also need to be protected from malicious users that want to leverage this in. Functional requirements, the potential for growth, and consider upgrading to a in... This as whitelisting, as opposed to blacklisting of reasons why monitoring your network technology such... This video please enable JavaScript, and best practices Cryptography, network security best practice recommendations each. Very important component of network devices installed on your network attacked, this principle should be local the. And logs analysis systems are configured using user-defined rules to match interesting or a UDP port number initial.. Course was insane, all the possibilities, the Infrastructure devices also need to make,! Across the systems reducing its potential vulnerabilities through configuration changes, and best.... Works by identifying common flood attack types like sin floods or UDP floods cover some that. We 'd configure routing between the two encryption protocols used in the warning banners as in. With firewall logs, authentication server logs, and blocks further attempts from a suspected attack address in! Could also help determine the extent and severity of the risks of wireless and!